Giant Breed Dogs and the Bunny Hop Gait: What You Need to Know About Hip Dysplasia

Giant dog breeds often captivate us with their majestic size and gentle demeanor. However, these gentle giants are prone to certain health conditions, one of which is hip dysplasia. A common sign, but not always indicating but may indicate the onset of this condition is a distinctive “bunny-hop” gait. Many dogs have a natural ‘Bunny Hop” in their movements as you will see in a video below. That “bunny hop” gate could also be an indication of Hip Dysplasia. This article delves into why giant dog breeds adopt this hopping movement and how it relates to hip dysplasia, outlines the signs owners need to look for, and discusses the appropriate actions to take if hip dysplasia is suspected.

Definition

The “Bunny-Hop” Gait: An Indicator of Hip Dysplasia?

The “bunny-hop” gait is characterized by the dog using both hind legs together to hop forward, rather than moving them individually. This movement can be a coping mechanism for discomfort or instability in the hip joint, which is a hallmark of hip dysplasia. Hip dysplasia is a hereditary condition where the ball and socket of the hip joint do not fit or develop properly, leading to rubbing and grinding instead of smooth movement.

Symptoms

Signs Owners Should Look For

Owners of giant breeds should be vigilant for signs of hip dysplasia from a young age. Symptoms can include:

  • Difficulty or reluctance to rise, jump, or climb stairs
  • Noticeable discomfort during or after exercise
  • Stiffness in the hind legs
  • Reduced activity levels
  • Audible grating sound during joint movement
  • Loss of muscle mass in the hind legs

Prevention

The “bunny hop” gait in giant breed dogs is often associated with conditions that impact their hips and hind limbs, like hip dysplasia, joint pain, and muscle imbalances. Since these dogs are genetically predisposed to certain orthopedic issues, taking preventive measures can help minimize the chances of developing a bunny hop gait or lessen its severity if it does occur. Here are some strategies:

1. Maintain Healthy Weight

   Why: Extra weight puts added pressure on the joints, increasing the risk of joint-related issues, which can lead to a compensatory bunny hop gait.

   How: Feeding a balanced diet and adjusting portions to keep your dog lean can help prevent this. Regular veterinary check-ups can also ensure that your dog’s weight is appropriate.

2. Appropriate Exercise Regimen

   Why: Excessive high-impact exercise, especially at a young age, can place stress on growing joints and lead to joint problems.

   How: Focus on controlled, low-impact exercises like swimming and steady walks, particularly while the dog is still growing. Avoid repetitive activities like fetching or running on hard surfaces until they are fully grown.

3. Joint Support Supplements

   Why: Supplements like glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids promote joint health, potentially delaying the onset of joint issues.

   How: Many veterinary-approved joint supplements are available that can support cartilage and joint function, and a vet can help you choose the most suitable option for your dog.

4. Regular Veterinary Screenings

   Why: Early detection of hip dysplasia, arthritis, or other musculoskeletal conditions allows for intervention before these conditions significantly impact mobility.

   How: Routine screenings, particularly during growth phases and as your dog ages, allow vets to recommend tailored interventions to minimize joint strain and prevent compensatory movement patterns.

5. Genetic Screening and Responsible Breeding

   Why: Hip dysplasia and other joint disorders have a genetic component, so choosing dogs with healthy lineage reduces the likelihood of inheriting predispositions.

   How: Before choosing a giant breed puppy, review health clearances from the parents for conditions like hip dysplasia. Ethical breeders will provide these records as part of responsible breeding practices.

6. Balanced Muscle Conditioning

   Why: Muscle imbalances or underdeveloped muscles in the hind limbs can cause uneven movement.

   How: Exercises targeting hind limb strength and stability (like controlled sit-to-stands, gentle uphill walking, or canine-specific physical therapy) can strengthen the muscles surrounding joints, helping maintain balanced movement.

By following these practices, you can greatly reduce the risk of a bunny hop gait in giant breed dogs and help promote healthier, more natural movement.

Products to Help

There are several commercial products that can help support joint health, improve mobility, and reduce the bunny hop gait in giant breed dogs. These products focus on joint support, pain relief, and muscle conditioning to help reduce stress on the joints and enhance the dog’s movement. Keep in mind many dogs can live a long health life without such products.

1. Joint Supplements

   Glucosamine and Chondroitin Supplements: Supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin are widely used to support joint health. They help cushion joints and maintain cartilage health. Look for products like:

     Cosequin DS: A popular joint supplement for dogs that includes glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM.

     Dasuquin with MSM: Offers an advanced formula with additional ingredients like ASU (Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables) for enhanced joint support.

   Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA, help reduce inflammation in joints.

     Nordic Naturals Omega-3 Pet: This product offers high-quality fish oil supplements designed for dogs, which can support joint and overall health.

     Welactin by Nutramax: Another well-regarded fish oil supplement for pets, providing anti-inflammatory benefits to support joint mobility.

2. Orthopedic Dog Beds

   – An orthopedic bed provides joint support by distributing weight evenly and reducing pressure on joints, which can help reduce strain on the hips and hind legs.

     Big Barker 7″ Pillow Top Orthopedic Dog Bed: Designed specifically for larger breeds, this bed helps alleviate joint pain and provides comfort for dogs with joint issues.

     PetFusion Ultimate Dog Bed: Offers memory foam for joint support and comes with a waterproof liner, ideal for larger dogs.

3. Joint-Health Dog Food

   – Some commercial dog foods are formulated to support joint health, particularly for large and giant breeds, with ingredients like glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3s.

     Hill’s Science Diet Adult Large Breed: This formula includes glucosamine and chondroitin to support joint health and lean muscle.

     Royal Canin Large Joint Care Dry Dog Food: Specifically designed for large and giant breeds, this formula focuses on joint health.

4. Supportive Harnesses

   – Harnesses designed to support the rear legs or entire body can help dogs with weak hips and hind legs, providing stability and balance to reduce joint strain.

     GingerLead Dog Support & Rehabilitation Harness: This harness is ideal for dogs needing hind leg support and can help owners assist their dogs while reducing joint strain.

     Walkin’ Lift Rear Dog Harness: Provides rear support for dogs with limited mobility in their hind legs, helping reduce the need for the dog to compensate with a bunny hop gait.

5. Canine Physical Therapy Equipment

   Balance and Stability Training Equipment: Products like balance discs and wobble boards help improve muscle strength and joint stability, which can contribute to healthier movement.

     FitPAWS Balance Disc: This balance tool strengthens core muscles, supporting joint stability, which helps alleviate joint issues over time.

     DogPacer Treadmill: This treadmill allows for controlled, low-impact exercise to strengthen hind muscles and promote even weight distribution, reducing strain on joints.

6. Pain Relief Products

   Anti-Inflammatory Chews and Pain Relief Supplements: Products containing natural anti-inflammatories like turmeric can help reduce pain in joints.

     Zesty Paws Turmeric Curcumin Bites: Contain turmeric, which has anti-inflammatory properties to support joint health and reduce discomfort.

     Vet’s Best Aches + Pains Dog Supplements: These chews contain natural ingredients to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and improve mobility.

Using these products alongside a preventative approach can help manage or mitigate the bunny hop gait, improve your dog’s comfort, and support their long-term mobility.

Action -call the vet

Signs of Hip Dysplasia

When to Become Concerned

If any of the above symptoms are observed, especially the “bunny-hop” gait, it’s crucial for owners to consult a veterinarian. Early intervention can be key in managing hip dysplasia effectively.

Actions to Take

Upon noticing potential signs of hip dysplasia, owners should:

1. Consult a Veterinarian: A professional diagnosis is essential. Vets may perform physical exams and recommend imaging tests like X-rays to assess the condition of the hip joints.

2. Manage Weight: Keeping the dog at a healthy weight reduces stress on the hips.

3. Appropriate Exercise: Low-impact activities can help maintain joint mobility and muscle strength without exacerbating the condition.

4. Nutrition: Feeding a balanced diet formulated for large-breed dogs can support joint health.

5. Medication and Supplements: Anti-inflammatory medications and joint supplements may be prescribed by a vet to manage symptoms.

6. Surgery: In severe cases, surgical options may be considered to improve the dog’s quality of life.

Home Remedies

Yes, there are several home remedies that can help manage and potentially reduce the bunny hop gait in giant breed dogs. These remedies focus on joint support, strength-building, and inflammation management:

1. Joint Support with Natural Supplements

   Turmeric: Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, turmeric can help alleviate joint pain and reduce inflammation. Start with a small amount (about 1/8 teaspoon per 10 pounds of body weight) mixed with food, and gradually increase to the recommended amount.

   Coconut Oil: Coconut oil contains medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) that can help reduce inflammation. Start with a small dose (1/4 teaspoon per 10 pounds of body weight) and work up to 1 teaspoon per 10 pounds daily. It also supports coat and skin health, which is an added benefit.

   Apple Cider Vinegar: Adding a small amount of apple cider vinegar to your dog’s water (1 teaspoon per 50 pounds of body weight) may help detoxify and reduce inflammation, promoting joint health. Make sure your dog tolerates the taste, and always provide fresh water as an alternative.

2. Gentle Massage and Stretching

 Massaging your dog’s hips, hind legs, and back can improve blood flow and reduce stiffness, which can relieve joint discomfort. You can use a small amount of coconut oil or olive oil to make the massage smoother and more soothing.

   – Gentle stretching exercises, like extending each leg while your dog is relaxed, can help keep joints limber. Be gentle and avoid overstretching to prevent discomfort.

3. Low-Impact Exercise

   Controlled Walks: Gentle walks on soft terrain (grass, sand) help build muscle strength without the high impact that can stress joints. Keep sessions short and increase as your dog builds strength.

   Swimming: Swimming is a low-impact, muscle-building exercise that strengthens hind legs and hips. If your dog enjoys the water, short swimming sessions a couple of times a week can be beneficial.

   Stair Exercises (in moderation): Slowly walking up and down stairs under supervision can help build strength. Start with a few steps and gradually increase as your dog’s endurance improves.

4. Homemade Anti-Inflammatory Treats

   – You can make treats that combine anti-inflammatory ingredients like turmeric, cinnamon, and ginger with peanut butter (xylitol-free) or pumpkin. These treats can be given daily and help reduce inflammation naturally.

   – A simple recipe: Mix 1/4 cup of unsweetened pumpkin, 1/2 teaspoon of turmeric, and a sprinkle of cinnamon. Form small balls and refrigerate. Offer one treat daily, depending on your dog’s size.

5. Dietary Adjustments

   Lean Proteins: Feeding high-quality lean protein (like chicken or turkey) promotes muscle maintenance without excess weight gain, which benefits joint health.

   Omega-3 Rich Foods: Adding sources of Omega-3, like fish (sardines, salmon) or a small amount of flaxseed oil, can reduce inflammation. You can also sprinkle ground flaxseed on your dog’s food as a supplement.

   Calcium-Rich Foods: Adding small amounts of plain yogurt or cottage cheese (if your dog tolerates dairy) can support bone strength.

6. Weight Management

   – Keeping your dog’s weight within a healthy range is crucial to reducing joint strain. Avoid high-calorie treats, and opt for healthy options like carrot sticks, apple slices (without seeds), or small pieces of cooked chicken.

These home remedies, combined with regular check-ups and monitoring, can provide gentle, supportive care to help manage the bunny hop gait in giant breed dogs. However, consult with your vet before starting new treatments, especially if your dog has any underlying conditions.

Risk Factors

Why Are Giant Breeds More Susceptible?

Giant dog breeds, such as the Great Dane and Saint Bernard, have a genetic predisposition to hip dysplasia. Factors that can exacerbate this include rapid growth rates, improper weight management, and unbalanced nutrition, which can put additional strain on developing joints.

Genetic and Breed Considerations

Several giant breeds are more prone to developing the bunny hop gait due to genetic predispositions to hip, joint, and musculoskeletal issues. These genetic and breed-specific traits often increase the risk of conditions like hip dysplasia, arthritis, and other joint malformations, all of which can lead to the bunny hop gait. Here’s a list of some giant breeds that commonly display these genetic considerations:

1. Great Danes

   – Known for their enormous size and rapid growth, Great Danes are highly prone to hip dysplasia and arthritis. The rapid weight gain during growth can put stress on developing joints, increasing the likelihood of the bunny hop gait.

2. Saint Bernards

   – Saint Bernards are genetically predisposed to joint issues, including hip and elbow dysplasia. The bunny hop gait is common in these dogs due to the uneven distribution of weight as they grow, which can lead to hip instability and joint stress.

3. Mastiffs (English Mastiffs, Bullmastiffs, etc.)

   – Mastiffs are predisposed to hip and joint problems due to their massive frame. Their size often places a significant strain on their hips and knees, and the bunny hop gait can develop as they try to compensate for joint discomfort.

4. Newfoundlands

   – With a heavy, muscular build, Newfoundlands are prone to hip dysplasia and joint degeneration. Their bone structure and growth patterns increase the risk of joint instability, making them more likely to show the bunny hop gait as they age.

5. Bernese Mountain Dogs

   – Bernese Mountain Dogs often develop hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis, both of which can cause discomfort and restricted mobility. The bunny hop gait can be a response to pain or discomfort in the hips as they shift weight for easier movement.

6. Irish Wolfhounds

   – Due to their rapid growth and slender, long limbs, Irish Wolfhounds can experience joint instability. Their frame places unique demands on their skeletal structure, which can make the bunny hop gait more likely.

7. Leonbergers

   – Leonbergers, known for their large, muscular frames, are susceptible to hip dysplasia and other joint conditions. The bunny hop gait may appear as a coping mechanism to relieve joint strain and discomfort.

8. German Shepherds

   – Though not strictly a giant breed, German Shepherds are often large and have a particular genetic predisposition to hip dysplasia, which is closely linked to the bunny hop gait. This gait is frequently seen in German Shepherds with hip dysplasia or other hip-related issues.

For owners of these breeds, routine vet exams, early joint care, weight management, and gentle exercise can help manage the risk factors associated with the bunny hop gait.

Psychological Factors

Psychological factors can contribute to or exacerbate the bunny hop gait in giant breed dogs. While the primary causes are often physical, mental and emotional states can affect how a dog moves. Here are some psychological factors to consider:

1. Anxiety and Stress

   – Dogs dealing with anxiety or stress may alter their gait as a response. For instance, if they anticipate pain or discomfort due to previous injuries or joint problems, they may adopt the bunny hop as a coping mechanism. This way of moving might help avoid putting too much strain on particular limbs or joints, especially if they associate certain movements with pain.

2. Trauma Memory

   – If a dog has previously experienced pain in its hips, knees, or lower back, it may remember this discomfort and adjust its gait even after physical healing. This memory of discomfort can sometimes lead to a bunny hop gait as a way of protecting the body. This “learned gait” may persist out of habit or instinct, even when physical pain is not present.

3. Lack of Confidence or Coordination

   – Puppies or young giant breed dogs can develop the bunny hop gait if they feel unsure of their balance and coordination. This can sometimes stem from a lack of early training in movement or play, which can leave them uncertain about how to move smoothly. While most dogs outgrow this, some retain the habit, especially if they don’t have enough experience with diverse activities or physical confidence-building exercises.

4. Training History

   – If a dog has not received training or conditioning to use its limbs equally, this can lead to muscular imbalance. Giant breeds, in particular, benefit from early balance training to strengthen all four limbs evenly. A dog that hasn’t been trained in body awareness might use a bunny hop gait simply because it feels more secure or familiar.

5. Companionship and Social Cues

   – Dogs are highly perceptive of the movements of other dogs or people in the household. If a companion animal has a unique gait, a dog might start to adopt similar movements, especially if it has a close bond with the other pet. This “mirroring” can sometimes lead to quirks like the bunny hop gait, which may not always be necessary for the dog.

Addressing psychological factors can involve confidence-building activities, training to balance the body, or working on anxiety issues. A vet or behaviorist can help determine if a dog’s bunny hop gait has psychological roots or if there are ways to help the dog regain a more natural movement pattern.

Surgical Options

For giant breed dogs with a persistent bunny hop gait that doesn’t improve with lifestyle adjustments, training, or physical therapy, there are some surgical options depending on the underlying cause. Here’s a breakdown of what surgical interventions might be available and what signs to monitor to know when it’s time to take a giant breed dog to the vet.

Surgical Options for Bunny Hop Gait

1. Hip Dysplasia Surgery

   – If hip dysplasia is confirmed as the cause of the bunny hop gait, surgeries like total hip replacement (THR) or femoral head ostectomy (FHO) may be recommended.

   Total Hip Replacement involves replacing the diseased hip joint with an artificial implant, which can dramatically improve mobility. Femoral Head Ostectomy removes the femoral head (top of the thigh bone) to reduce pain, allowing a “false joint” to form.

   Expected Cost (2023 estimates): THR is usually around $3,500 to $7,000 per hip, while FHO is somewhat less, ranging from $1,200 to $2,500 per hip.

2. Cruciate Ligament Surgery

   – If cruciate ligament issues are detected, which can also contribute to hopping gaits, procedures like TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy) or TTA (Tibial Tuberosity Advancement) are common. These surgeries stabilize the knee joint and reduce the bunny hop caused by ligament instability.

   Expected Cost: Both TPLO and TTA are typically in the range of $3,500 to $5,000 per knee.

3. Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS)

   – JPS is a preventative surgery often performed in puppies under six months old when early hip dysplasia is detected. It encourages normal hip development by altering the growth of the pelvis.

   Expected Cost: JPS is generally more affordable than total hip replacements, costing about $1,000 to $2,000.

4. Arthroscopy and Joint Cleaning

   – For dogs with mild joint issues or early osteoarthritis, an arthroscopy can help clean out joint debris and provide more comfortable movement.

   Expected Cost: An arthroscopy can range from $1,500 to $3,000, depending on the area and extent of the cleaning.

Monitoring

When to Take Your Giant Dog to the Vet

Giant breed dogs are more prone to joint issues and degenerative conditions, so regular monitoring is essential. Here are signs indicating it might be time to see the vet:

1. Persistent or Worsening Gait Abnormalities

   – If the bunny hop gait becomes more pronounced or your dog begins to limp or avoid using certain legs, it’s time for an assessment.

2. Signs of Pain

   – Dogs often hide pain, but behaviors like excessive licking of joints, whining, avoiding exercise, or shifting weight while standing can indicate discomfort.

3. Reduced Mobility or Struggles with Daily Activities

   – If your dog hesitates to climb stairs, jump into the car, or even sit or stand, these could be red flags for joint pain or deterioration.

4. Muscle Atrophy

   – If you notice one leg or one side of your dog’s body seems thinner or less muscular, it might indicate the dog is compensating for pain in that area, signaling a need for intervention.

5. Behavioral Changes

   – Pain and discomfort can lead to changes in temperament. If your typically gentle dog becomes irritable, withdrawn, or aggressive, it could be because of underlying physical discomfort.

By staying vigilant about these signs and working with a vet, owners can help manage or alleviate discomfort associated with the bunny hop gait in giant breed dogs. Early intervention can often slow progression and improve overall quality of life, even if surgery isn’t immediately necessary.

Emergency Contacts

When preparing to call the vet about a giant breed dog with a persistent bunny hop gait, it’s helpful to have a detailed list of observations and relevant information. Here’s what to gather to make the most of your consultation:

1. Description of Symptoms

   Duration of the Bunny Hop Gait: How long has this gait been present? Has it been gradually worsening or stayed the same over time?

   Frequency and Triggers: Is the bunny hop gait present all the time or only during specific activities, such as running, climbing stairs, or jumping?

   Changes in Mobility: Have you noticed any changes in how your dog walks, runs, or stands? Is there any visible limp, stiffness, or hesitation to move?

   Other Signs of Discomfort: Any whining, licking of joints, shifting weight between legs, or resistance to certain activities?

2. Activity Level and Behavior Changes

   Changes in Playfulness or Energy: Has your dog become less active, playful, or interested in exercise?

   Behavioral Changes: Note any irritability, withdrawal, or aggression that could indicate pain or discomfort.

3. Health and Medical History

   Breed and Age: Certain breeds and older dogs are more susceptible to joint issues and hip dysplasia.

   Past Medical History: Include any prior diagnoses or treatments related to the hips, knees, or general mobility.

   Weight and Diet: Excess weight can strain joints, so let the vet know about your dog’s weight and typical diet. Mention any supplements, especially joint or mobility aids.

4. Previous Treatments or Home Remedies

   – If you’ve already tried any treatments or home remedies, such as physical therapy, joint supplements, or massage, let the vet know. Describe any positive or negative results.

5. Videos or Photos

   – If possible, have videos of your dog’s movements to help the vet understand the gait in context. Videos showing the bunny hop in different activities (like running, walking, or climbing stairs) can be invaluable for diagnosis.

6. List of Questions or Concerns

   – Write down any questions you have, such as specific treatments, long-term management options, or concerns about surgical or non-surgical treatments.

Having this information ready will help the vet quickly assess the situation and recommend appropriate next steps, whether it’s an in-office examination, a diagnostic test, or a consultation with a specialist.

Conclusion

The “bunny-hop” gait in giant dog breeds can be a sign of hip dysplasia, a condition that requires attention and care. By understanding the signs and taking proactive measures, owners can help ensure their beloved pets lead comfortable and happy lives. For more detailed information on hip dysplasia in dogs, including symptoms, causes, and treatment options, refer to the resources provided by the American Kennel Club and other veterinary experts.

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